go源码解读-strings.Builder

builder

• Builder是效率最高，内存使用最少的创建一个字符串的方法
• Builder结构体包含两个参数
  • addr 字符串的地址
  • buf 字节数组

// A Builder is used to efficiently build a string using Write methods.
// It minimizes memory copying. The zero value is ready to use.
// Do not copy a non-zero Builder.
type Builder struct {
	addr *Builder // of receiver, to detect copies by value
	buf  []byte
}

常用方法

• String方法返回Builder构建的数据
• Len方法返回字节数组占据的字节数，1个汉字三个字节
• Cap方法返回字节数组分配的内存空间大小
• Reset方法将Builder重置为初始状态

// String returns the accumulated string.
func (b *Builder) String() string {
	return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b.buf))
}

// Len returns the number of accumulated bytes; b.Len() == len(b.String()).
func (b *Builder) Len() int { return len(b.buf) }

// Cap returns the capacity of the builder's underlying byte slice. It is the
// total space allocated for the string being built and includes any bytes
// already written.
func (b *Builder) Cap() int { return cap(b.buf) }

// Reset resets the Builder to be empty.
func (b *Builder) Reset() {
	b.addr = nil
	b.buf = nil
}

Grow方法

• Grow方法来扩展buf数组的分配内存的大小

// grow copies the buffer to a new, larger buffer so that there are at least n
// bytes of capacity beyond len(b.buf).
func (b *Builder) grow(n int) {
	buf := make([]byte, len(b.buf), 2*cap(b.buf)+n)
	copy(buf, b.buf)
	b.buf = buf
}

// Grow grows b's capacity, if necessary, to guarantee space for
// another n bytes. After Grow(n), at least n bytes can be written to b
// without another allocation. If n is negative, Grow panics.
func (b *Builder) Grow(n int) {
	b.copyCheck()
	if n < 0 {
		panic("strings.Builder.Grow: negative count")
	}
	if cap(b.buf)-len(b.buf) < n {
		b.grow(n)
	}
}

func (b *Builder) copyCheck() {
	if b.addr == nil {
		// This hack works around a failing of Go's escape analysis
		// that was causing b to escape and be heap allocated.
		// See issue 23382.
		// TODO: once issue 7921 is fixed, this should be reverted to
		// just "b.addr = b".
		b.addr = (*Builder)(noescape(unsafe.Pointer(b)))
	} else if b.addr != b {
		panic("strings: illegal use of non-zero Builder copied by value")
	}
}

func noescape(p unsafe.Pointer) unsafe.Pointer {
	x := uintptr(p)
	return unsafe.Pointer(x ^ 0)
}

Write相关方法

• Write方法将字节数组加添加到buf数组后面
• WriteByte将字节c添加到buf数组后边
• WriteRune将rune字符添加到buf数组后面
• WriteString将字符串添加到buf数组后面

// Write appends the contents of p to b's buffer.
// Write always returns len(p), nil.
func (b *Builder) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
	b.copyCheck()
	b.buf = append(b.buf, p...)
	return len(p), nil
}

// WriteByte appends the byte c to b's buffer.
// The returned error is always nil.
func (b *Builder) WriteByte(c byte) error {
	b.copyCheck()
	b.buf = append(b.buf, c)
	return nil
}

// WriteRune appends the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode code point r to b's buffer.
// It returns the length of r and a nil error.
func (b *Builder) WriteRune(r rune) (int, error) {
	b.copyCheck()
	if r < utf8.RuneSelf {
		b.buf = append(b.buf, byte(r))
		return 1, nil
	}
	l := len(b.buf)
	if cap(b.buf)-l < utf8.UTFMax {
		b.grow(utf8.UTFMax)
	}
	n := utf8.EncodeRune(b.buf[l:l+utf8.UTFMax], r)
	b.buf = b.buf[:l+n]
	return n, nil
}

// WriteString appends the contents of s to b's buffer.
// It returns the length of s and a nil error.
func (b *Builder) WriteString(s string) (int, error) {
	b.copyCheck()
	b.buf = append(b.buf, s...)
	return len(s), nil
}